マウスやラットの確信度は測れるのか？

There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that
we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making
Piercesare Grimaldi (2015)

In a similar spirit, Son and Kornell (2005) trained rhesus macaque
monkeys to distinguish the length of two lines. After the monkeys made
their decision, consisting of choosing the longest line, they were
required to rate their confidence in their decision by making a bet,
that is, a retrospective task. Two betting options were represented by
two choice targets. If the monkeys chose the low bet target, they
received a small reward, regardless of whether their previous response
on the discrimination task was right or wrong. If they chose the high
bet target, they received a large reward for correct responses and no
reward for incorrect responses. Monkeys generally chose low rewards
more frequently in difficult discrimination trials indicating that
they knew when they did not know. The same monkeys engaged in the same
betting strategy during a dot-density discrimination task, showing
that they could generalize their reports of confidence to different
tasks. Similar approaches have been used to study confidence in
smaller mammals such as rodents. Foote and Crystal (2007) trained rats
to discriminate the duration of sounds. In each trial, the rats were
able to choose if they wanted to take a test or not. Similar to the
monkeys, rats chose to avoid the test when the stimulus was ambiguous.
彼らがハイベットの目標を選んだ場合、彼らは正しい応答のために大きな報酬を受け取り、間違った応答の報酬は受け取らない。サルは一般的に困難な差別裁判でより低い報酬を選んで、知らなかった時を知っていたことを示しています。同じ猿が、ドット密度差別化タスクの間に同じ賭け戦略に従事し、彼らは異なる仕事に対する信頼の報告を一般化できることを示した。類似のアプローチが、げっ歯類のようなより小さな哺乳類における信頼性を研究するために用いられてきた。
Foote and Crystal（2007）はラットに音の持続時間を弁別するように訓練した。各試行で、ラットは試験を受けたいかどうかを選択することができました。サルと同様に、ラットは、刺激があいまいであるときに試験を避けることを選択した。

"Neural correlates, computation and behavioural impact of decision confidence."
Kepecs A(2008)Nature

"When confidence and consciousness collide: neural and computational
approaches to understanding how the brain creates subjective
experience"
Megan Peters (2017)
https://www.labroots.com/webinar/confidence-consciousness-collide-neural-computational-approaches-understanding-brain-creates-subject